Galenicals pdf

It is convenient to place here two solutions of volatile oils in rectified spirit termed in the B. Essentia, ae. Essentia Anisi, Oil of Anise, S. In each case the strength is I part of the oil to 4 of rectified spirit, and the dose is 10 to 20 minims. The term " Alcohol," when used without qualification, is gener- ally applied to ethylic alcohol. But, strictly speaking, the word signifies a substance formed by the displacement of one or more. The alcohols, in short, are hydrates of certain organic radicals unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Some of them are of considerable pharmaceutical interest, and will now be briefly considered. See Rectified Spirit, p. By oxidation this is converted into Acetic Acid.

JEtheris Nitrosi. See pp. Amyl Hydrate, Amylie Alcohol. This is official as Alcohol Amylicum. It is produced by the fermentation of sugar and especially of sugar derived from potato-starch. It is converted by oxidation into Valerianic Acid. Amylic Alcohol yields also another official compound, viz. Phenyl Hydrate, Phenic Alcohol. The official Acidum Carbolicum consists largely of Phenol.

Glyceryl Hydrate, Glyceric Alcohol. This is the substance known as Glycerine, and official under that name. Methyl Hydrate, Methylie Alcohol. It is issued from bond duty free. Hence the use of spirit for various trade purposes is not interfered with by a prohibitive duty, whilst the nauseous taste of the mixture prevents its use as a beverage, and so the revenue is protected.

It is mentioned here because the authorities allow some few of the B. This saves expense and so makes these preparations freely available for hospital practice, etc. Wood Spirit is a product of the destructive distillation of wood, purified by rectification, etc. It is not official in the B. C 6 H OH 8 6 Mannite. Manna, and defined as "a concrete saccharine exudation from the stems of cultivated trees of Fraxinus Ornus. Tinctura, se. The great majority of the official Tinctures are prepared by exhausting drugs of vegetable origin by suitable treatment with a spirituous menstruum, so as to obtain a spirituous solution of the medicinal principles of the drug.

Some few of the Tinctures, however, are made, not by exhausting crude drugs, but by direct solution of active principles themselves, these active principles having been previously separated from the drugs yielding them by other official processes.

I grain in a drachm. Dose, J to 2 fl. Quininse Ammoniata. Dose, 15 to 60 minims. Cannabis Indieae. Dose, 5 to 20 minims. Nucis Vomicae. Dose, 10 to 20 minims. The following, also prepared by solution, contain inorganic in- gredients :. Ferri Acetatis. Dose, 5 to 30 minims. Ferri Perchloridi. Ferri Sesquichloridi Tinct. One is a Solution of Iodine, viz. Chloroformi Co. Chloroformi et Morphinse. Dose, 5 to 10 min. The amounts noted are contained in a 10 minim dose.

As further exceptions to the statement that the official Tinctures are obtained from vegetable drugs, it is to be noted that two arc of animal origin, viz. Macerate and filter. Dose, 5 to 20 min. The remaining Tinctures are of vegetable origin and are pre- pared by exhausting the corresponding drugs by means of a spirituous menstruum.

The processes employed to secure this exhaustion differ in different cases. But, on consulting the B. Percolation is a process in which a menstruum is allowed to gradually descend or soak its way through a drug, so that it may remove all the soluble material of the drug. This consists of two chambers, the upper or percolating chamber fitting into the mouth of the lower or receiver. The floor of the upper chamber is formed of some strong but porous material, and above this the drug to be exhausted is uniformly and firmly packed.

The solvent is now poured over the upper surface of the packed layer, and, under the influence of gravity, it slowly descends through the drug, taking into solution those constituents of the drug which it is capable of dissolving. The solution so obtained the percolate — drips through the porous floor of the percolating chamber and collects as a clear fluid in the receiver, the porous floor preventing the passage of any insoluble solid particles.

As a rule, the drug is macerated for a short time in the menstruum before percolation is commenced. If the drug in a dry condition were packed in the percolator, it might, when swollen by the absorption of fluid, become so tightly wedged that an impassable barrier would be formed, and the percolator thus become blocked. The following instances may be taken as illustrative of the official directions in the two groups above alluded to.

Tinctura Opii. Opium, in powder. Proof Spirit. Macerate for seven days in a closed vessel, with occasional agitation then strain, press, filter, and add sufficient proof ;. Tinctura Aconiti. Aconite Root, in No. Rectified Spirit 1 pint. Macerate the aconite root for 48 hours in 1 5 fluid ounces of the spirit, in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally ; then transfer to a percolator, and when the fluid ceases to pass, continue the percolation with the remaining five ounces of spirit.

Afterwards subject the contents of the percolator to pressure, filter the product, mix the liquids, and add sufficient rectified spirit to make one pint. Dose, 5 to 1. The following are excep- tions :.

Two are made with Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, viz. Guaiaci Ammoniata, Guaiacum Resin. Valerianae Ammoniata, Valerian Rhizome. Lobelias iEtherea, Lobelia. Lose, 10 to 30 min. Quininse, Hydrochlorate of Quinine. The selection of Rectified S.

Hence, for the extraction of the former, Rectified Spirit will be employed ; in other cases Proof Spirit is used. Tinctures made with rectified spirit, and holding resins in solution, Myrrh, Asafoetida, Cannabis Indica, Benzoin, when e.

When prescribed in mixtures, they should be ordered with mucilage of acacia, which emulsifies and suspends the resin. Camphorse Co. Opii Camphorata Paregoric Elixir ;. English Paregoric. Contains 2 grains of the soluble matter of Opium in 1 fl,. Dose, 15 to 60 min. See Appendix III. Contains 5 grains of the soluble matter of Opium in 1 fluid. Dose, J to 1 fl. Strength 33 grains in 1 fl. Benzoini Co. I of Benzoin in Is of a deep lake colour. It is used in making Decoct.

Aloes Co. Used to colour Liqitor Arsenicalis. The following, though not called " Compound," contain medicinal ingredients other than those indicated by the name. Catechu, Catechu, Cinnamon Bark, S. Saffron, S. The simple Tinctures of the B.

Aconiti, Aconite Eoot, S. Kramerise, S. Asafcetidaj, S. Laricis, S. Buchu, S. Gelsemii, S. Calumbas, S. Limonis, Fresh peel, S. Cascarilhe, S. ChiratEe, S. Lupuli, S. Cimicifugse, 8yn. Actaeae, S. Myrrhae, S. Cinnamomi, S. Sabine, S. Cocci, Cochineal, S. Scillae, S. Colchici Seminum, S. Senegaa, S. Conii, Hemlock fruit, S. Stramonii, Seeds, S. Cubeba3, S.

Sumbul, S. Digitalis, Leaves, S. Tolu, Balsam of Tolu, S. Galla3, S. Hyoscyami, Leaves, S. Zingiberis, S. The following is made with 10 ounces to the pint and by "percolation only.

Zingiberis fortior, S. The following are made with 5 ounces to the pint Tr. Ergot a3, S. Jaborandi, S. The following are made with 4 ounces to the pint. Pyrethri, S. Veratri Viridis, S. Guaiaci Ammoniata. The following are made with 2 ounces to the pint Tr. Aurantii, S. Hamamelidis, Bark, S.

Kino, S. Hydrastis, S. Rhei, S. The following are made with 1 ounce to the pint Tr. Arnicas, S. Belladonna, Leaves, S. Cannabis Indicse, S. Croci, Saffron, S. Strophanthi, S. In making Tincture of Strophanthus the dried seeds are first freed from fixed oil by washing with ether and then exhausted by percolation with S. Quassias, S. Capsici, S. The great majority of the Tinctures may be given in doses of J to 2 fluid drachms ; those which have a maximum dose of less than one fluid drachm are :.

Strophanthi, min. Colchici Sem. Chloroformi et Morphinas, Tr. Digitalis, min. Ergotas, Tr. Aconiti, min. Ferri Acetatis, Tr. Ferri Perchloridi, Tr. Cannabis Indicas, Tr. Laricis, V min. Cantharidis, Tr. Lobelias, Tr. Capsici, Tr. Lobelias iEtherea, Tr.

Scillae, Tr. Iodi, Tr. Stramonii Sem. Nucis Vomicae, Tr. Veratri Viridis, Tr. Opii, min. Vinum, i. These are fluid preparations in which Wine is used as the menstruum. The official menstrua, are two, viz. Vinum Aurantii. Made in Britain by the fermentation of a saccharine solution to which the fresh peel of the Bitter Orange has been added.

It contains 10 to 12 percent, of Alcohol. Vinum Xericum. A pale brown Spanish Wine, con- taining about 17 per cent, of Alcohol. Quinince and Vin. Ferri Citratis, which are made with Orange Wine. Dose, I to 2 fl. Tartar Emetic dissolved in Sherry. Macerate dried Colchicum Corm in Sherry. Dose, 10 to 30 min. Iron wire is macerated in Sherry for 30 days. A portion of the wire is allowed to project above the surface of the and becomes oxidised.

The stopper of the bottle fluid,. The acid tartrate of potassium and the organic acids of the wine dissolve, or rather combine with the oxide, forming salts, which are dissolved by the Wine.

Dose, 1 to 4 fl. A solid extract is obtained from 1 ounce of Ipecacuanha by exhaustion with Acetic Acid. This is dissolved in 1 pint of Sherry. Dose, Expectorant, 5 to 40 min. Emetic, J to 1 fl. Dose, 10 to 40 miu. Dose, 1 to 2 fluid drachms. Ferri Citratis. Citrate of Iron and Ammonium dissolved in Orange Wine. The Wines which have a maximum dose of less than one fluid drachm are :.

Colchici, 10 to 30 min. Opii, 10 to 40 min. Antimoniale, K to 40 min. Acetum, i. One of these, viz. The others are medicated fluids prepared by exhausting certain drugs with various strengths of Acetic Acid. Malt is barley which has been moistened, and in which the process of germination thus started has been arrested by the heat of a kiln.

During germination, the gluten of the barley yields vegetable gelatine, and diastase, etc. The diastase converts starch into dextrin and sugar Maltose.

An infusion of the malt and barley is now subjected to alcoholic fermentation, unmalted grain as well as malt being employed because the diastase of the malt is capable of converting into sugar a greater amount of starch than malt itself contains.

The alcoholic fluid so produced is allowed to undergo oxidation. Aldehyde is first produced, and this is subsequently oxidised into Acetic Acid. Ethyl alcohol. Acetic Acid. It is due to the influence of a micro-organism —the Mycoderma Accti. The official Vinegar contains 5. A small quantity of sulphuric acid 1 in is also present. The authorities permit this to be added for the purpose of preserving the vinegar.

In wine-producing countries vinegar is made by the oxida-. Hence the terms red and white wine-vinegar. Vinegar is a safe and ready antidote in cases of poisoning by alkalies ; it is also popular as a "cooling" lotion. It is used in the B. Acetum Cantharidis. Ipecacuanha in No. Dose, 5 to 40 min. Used as an expectorant the acid prevents ; its use in doses sufficiently large to produce an emetic effect.

Squill bruised , Diluted Acetic Acid : macerate and filter. Dose, 15 to 40 min. All these preparations, containing as they do free acetic acid, are incompatible with alkaline carbonates, e. Carbonate of Ammonium. The same is true of Acetum Ipecacuanha?. If it is desired to prescribe Squill or Ipecacu- anha with Ammonium Carbonate, a common combination as an expectorant mixture the Tinctura Scillcv or Vinum Ipecacuanhas should be ordered.

These are liquid preparations containing various medicinal agents dissolved, or suspended in, for the most part, a watery fluid. Liquor, oris, third decl. The official "Liquores" are mainly solutions of definite chemical compounds —metallic salts, and salts of the alka- loids, etc.

The two following are exceptions :. Liquor Gutta Percha. A solution of Gutta Perch a in Chloroform. Used in making Charta Sinwpis. Liquor Epispasticus. Blistering Liquid. Made by exhaust- ing Cantharides by percolation with Acetic Ether.

Used in preparing Blistering Collodion. The following twelve are with the exception of Solution of Bimeconate of Morphine 1 per cent, solutions of active medicinal agents, i.

Potassse Arsenitis. Arsenious Acid and a little Potassium Carbonate are dissolved in Distilled Water by the aid of heat, and, when the solution is cool, a small quantity of Comp. The odour and red colour due to the tincture, and the alkaline reaction distinguish this solution.

Dose, 2 to 8 min. Arsenious Acid is dissolved, by the aid of heat, in Distilled Water containing a small quantity of Hydrochloric Acid.

A colourless fluid with an acid reaction. Arsenii et Hydrargyri Iodidi. Arseniate of Sodium anhydrous in Distilled Water. I in IOO. The exact amount of water of crystallization differs in different specimens of Sodium Arseniate.

Hence, in order to secure uniformity in the official " Liquor," the anhydrous salt. The corresponding Morphine salt is dissolved in Distilled. Water, containing a little S. In the first two a little. Freshly prepared Morphine dissolved in Distilled Water containing a little S. Dose, 10 to 40 min. Two others arc also Solutions of Alkaloielal salts, viz.

Atropinse Sulphatis. Sulphate of Atropine in Camphor Water. Dose, 1 to 4 min. Strychnine in Distilled Water containing a little S. Hence S. In Liq. Atropine Sulph. This solution is often dropped the conjunctiva in order to dilate the pupil ; S.

The other I per cent Solutions arc :. Potassii Permanganatis. Permanganate of Potassium in Distilled Water. Dose, 2 to 4 fl. Nitroglycerin Liq. Two other Solutions which contain active medicines that may be. Hydrochlorate of Cocaine in Distilled Water, a little. Salicylic Acid being added as a preservative. I in io. Dose, 2 to io min. This solution may be painted on mucous mem- branes or injected subcutaneously, to produce local anaesthesia — i. Perchloride of Mercury in Distilled Water, a little Chloride of Ammonium being added to facilitate solution and to prevent decomposition.

This is more stable than Mercuric. Chloride which, in solution, is liable to decompose, Calomel being precipitated. Six Solutions contain Ammonium Compounds Liq. Ammonige Fortior.

The gas is obtained by heating Ammo- nium Chloride with Slaked Lime ;. One part of the Strong Solution diluted with two parts of Distilled Water. Ammonii Acetatis Fortior. Ammonii Acetatis. The cor re- ponding Strong Solution diluted with Distilled Water. Dose, 2 to 6 fi. Ammonii Citratis Fortior. Ammonii Citratis. The corresponding Strong Solution diluted with Distilled Water. Dose, 2 to 6 fl. Ferri Dialysatus. This is prepared by dialysis. Ferric Hydrate, recently precipitated, is dissolved in Strong Solution of Perchloride of Iron and the solution placed on a dialyser.

It is washed in the usual way, and, as a result, hydro- chloric acid is separated, leaving in the dialyser a colloid, almost tasteless fluid, free from acidity and astringency. It is a solution of highly basic oxychloride of iron.

Dose, io to 30 min. Ferri Acetatis Fortior. Ferri Perchloridi Fortior. Ferri Persulphatis. Ferri Pernitratis. These are solutions of the corresponding salts, made by dissolving Iron Wire in hydrochloric, sulphuric, and nitric acid respectively. In the first two, a little Nitric Acid is used to raise the Iron to the ferric state. To make these, dilute 1 part of the corresponding Strong Solution with 3 parts of Distilled Water.

They correspond in strength to the tinctures. Dose, 5 to 30 min. Of the remaining Official Solutions, the following are intended for internal administration. Bismuthi et Ammonii Citratis. Rub Citrate of Bismuth into a paste with a little water, and dissolve by means of Solution of Ammonia then dilute ;. Dose, i to I fluid. Ammonii Citras. Dose, 2 to 5 grs. Bismuthi Schacht is a well-known officinal preparation made by the pharmacist whose name it bears.

A solution of Calcium Chloride in Distilled Water. Dose, 15 to 50 mm. A saturated solution of Slaked Lime in Distilled Water. About J gr. CaO in 1 ounce. Calcis Saccharatus.

Slaked Lime dissolved in Distilled Water by the aid of Sugar. The sugar promotes the solution of the lime. Sodse EfFerveseens. Galenic pharmacy synonyms, Galenic pharmacy pronunciation, Galenic pharmacy translation, English dictionary definition of Galenic.

Looking for online definition of galenical in the Medical Dictionary? Resources for galenical Time Traveler! Need even more definitions? Of, galenica to, or being a drug or agent made up chiefly of herbal or vegetable matter. Community Word of the galenicl Random word Log in or Sign up. Definition of Galenic pharmacy. And is one way more correct than the others? He is remembered among pharmacists for his classification of animal and vegetable extracts which are still known as Galenicals.

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