The origin of the palestine-israel conflict pdf

At the end of the United Nations finally acted. It managed to keep people alive, but only barely. The Egyptian Army concentrations in the Sinai approaches do not prove that Nasser was really about to attack us. We must be honest with ourselves.

We decided to attack him. The two divisions he sent to The Sinai would not have been sufficient to launch an offensive war. He knew it and we knew it. The Syrians, on the fourth day of the war, were not a threat to us.

We shall accept a state in the boundaries fixed today. But the boundaries of Zionist aspirations are the concern of the Jewish people and no external factor will be able to limit them.

Toward this end it may, no — it must — invent dangers, and to do this it must adopt the method of provocation-and-revenge And above all — let us hope for a new war with the Arab countries, so that we may finally get rid of our troubles and acquire our space.

In return, Israel would retire to the borders of The UN Security Council would guarantee this arrangement, and thereby bring the Soviet Union — then a supplier of arms and political aid to the Arabs — into compliance.

Israel would agree to accept a certain number of Palestinians and the rest would be settled in a Palestinian state outside Israel. The proposal, however, was flatly rejected by Israel. Over this period, more than , Palestinians were detained without trial for various periods by Israeli security forces.

Lockman and Beinin. While Bethlehemites were buying water from tank trucks at highly inflated rates, the lawns were green in the settlement. Sprinklers were going at mid day in the hot August sunshine. Sounds of children swimming in the outdoor pool added to the unreality. Many were beaten themselves, had bones broken, were shot, tear gassed, or had these things happen to siblings and neighbors The emotional aspect of the child is affected by the [lack of] security.

He needs to feel safe. We see the consequences later if he does not. In our research, we have found that children who are exposed to trauma tend to be more extreme in their behaviors and, later, in their political beliefs. When I asked why this was done — the land, after all, was his — I was told that a paper given to him the next day by an Israeli soldier stated that he had built the structure without a license.

Where else in the world are people required to have a license always denied them to build on their own property? Jews can build, but never Palestinians. This is apartheid. One aspect of this obligation is that it must leave the territory to the people it finds there. It may not bring its own people to populate the territory. IDF troops used clubs to break limbs and beat Palestinians who were not directly involved in disturbances or resisting arrest..

At least thirteen Palestinians have been reported to have died from beatings Egypt and Syria continued to demand the return of the land taken by Israel in But Kissinger and the Israelis dismissed him, as did the US media.

These were strategic errors and they contributed directly to the war that broke out on 6 October with coordinated attacks by Egypt and Syria against Israeli troops stationed on occupied territory. No fighting actually took place on Israeli territory, but the shock of the attacks often made it seem in the US media that Israel itself was under siege. Israel had considered its position unassailable, but a brilliant strategy known as "Operation Badr" resulted in a stunning success.

Egyptian planners had feared that the attack might cost as many as 30, casualties, but at the end of October 6, Egyptian losses were only dead. As military historian Trevor N. Dupuy summed up: "The combination of thorough and efficient planning, careful security, the achievement of complete surprise, and the highly efficient execution of carefully prepared plans, resulted in one of the most memorable water crossings in the annals of warfare.

As with the planning, no other army could have done better. Demands instantly arose for a massive supply effort by the United States to Israel. President Nixon at the time already was deeply involved in the spreading watergate scandal and much of the pressure from the Israeli lobby focused on Kissinger.

By 12 October, Israeli Ambassador Simcha Dinitz bluntly warned Kissinger that "if a massive American airlift to Israel does not start immediately then I'll know that the United States is reneging on its promises and its policy, and we will have to draw very serious conclusions from all this.

Kissinger quickly understood that the Israelis would soon 'go public' and that an upsurge of pro-Israeli sentiment could have a disastrous impact upon an already weakened administration. That same day, US oilmen sent a joint memorandum to Prresident Nixon expressing their alarm at the dangerous possibility of steep oil production cuts and price rises if the US continued its protective policies toward Israel. Nonetheless, Nixon and Kissinger ignored the warning and openly launched a huge air operation to supply Israel on 13 October.

He added: "It increased our unemployment and conributed to the deepest recession we have had in the post war period. More on the oil boycott. Back to Top. Thus, we cannot condone the use of terrorism by some extreme Palestinian groups, especially prevalent during the s. That being said, however, it is necessary to examine the context in which such incidents occurred. The Israeli policy of punitive counterattacks or state terrorism seems to be to try to kill anywhere from 50 to Arabs for every Jewish fatality.

The devastation of Lebanese refugee camps, hospitals, schools, mosques, churches, and orphanages; the summary arrests, deportations, house destructions, maimings, and torture of Palestinians on the West Bank and Gaza..

Apart from practical considerations, my awareness of the essential nature of Judaism resists the idea of a Jewish State,with borders, an army, and a measure of temporal power, no matter how modest. Just because the Arabs fled? Thus, the claim of the Jews to the land of Israel cannot be a realistic claim. If all nations would suddenly claim territory in which their forefathers had lived two thousand years ago, this world would be a madhouse It is bound to bring complete ruin upon us. Zionism is diametrically opposed to Judaism.

Zionism wishes to define the Jewish people as a nationalistic entity. We do not like exile. The Jewish people are charged by Divine oath not to force themselves back to the Holy Land against the wishes of those residing there. This negative approach caused those Arabs who thought about and were concerned about the future of their people to see us increasingly not as a group which desired to live in cooperation with their people but as something in the nature of uninvited guests and agents of foreign interests at the time I explicitly pointed out this fact.

Paying the large landowners for purchases made or paying compensation to tenants on the land is not the same as compensating a people. As a result, many of the more thoughtful Arabs viewed the advance of Jewish settlement as a kind of plot designed to dispossess future generations of their people of the land necessary for their existence and development.

Only by means of a comprehensive and vigorous economic policy aimed at organizing and developing common interests would it have been possible to contend with this view and its inevitable consequences.

This we did not do. By this step, we with our own hands provided our enemies in the Arab camp with aid and comfort of the most valuable sort — the support of public opinion — without which the military attack launched against us would not have been possible. For it now appears to the Arab populace that in carrying on the activities we have been engaged in for years, in acquiring land and in working and developing the land, we were systematically laying the ground work for gaining control of the whole country.

Israeli scholars [have] concurred with their Palestinian counterparts that Zionism was Challenging the Myth of Annihilation — The new historiographical picture is a fundamental challenge to the official history that says the Jewish community faced possible annihilation on the eve of the war. Archival documents expose a fragmented Arab world wrought by dismay and confusion and a Palestinian community that possessed no military ability with which to frighten the Jews The Israeli forces, apart from rare exceptions, expelled the Palestinians from every village and town they occupied.

Expulsion also was accompanied by rape, looting and confiscation [of Palestinian land and property] Before the conference, the U. General Assembly adopted a resolution that in effect replaced the November partition resolution. This new resolution, Resolution of December 11, , accepted [U. This time, several Arab states and various representatives of the Palestinians accepted this as a basis for negotiations, as did the United States, which was running the show at Lausanne Prime Minister David Ben Gurion strongly opposed any peace negotiations along these lines The only reason he was willing to allow Israel to participate in the peace conference was his fear of an angry American reaction The road to peace was not taken due to Israeli, not Arab, intransigence.

Conclusions — The new Israeli historians There was a high price exacted in creating a Jewish state in Palestine. And there were victims, the plight of whom still fuels the fire of conflict in Palestine.

All kinds of scum coming from America and as soon as they get off the plane taking over lands in the territories and claiming it for their own I can only go away and let the whole lot go to hell without me. The U. The Holocaust is often used as the final argument in favor of Zionism, but is this connection justified?

There are several aspects to consider in answering that question honestly. First, we will examine the historical record of what the Zionist movement actually did to help save European Jewry from the Nazis.

The World Zionist Organization refused to participate, fearing that resettlement of Jews in other states would reduce the number available for Palestine. What can and should be done is to limit the damage as far as possible.

He delegated rescue work to Yitzak Gruenbaum, who [stated] Let them say what they want. I will not demand that the Jewish Agency allocate a sum of , or , pounds sterling to help European Jewry. And I think that whoever demands such things is performing an anti-Zionist act.

We do not have sufficient manpower for both campaigns. We are here because the land is ours. And we are here because we have again made it ours in this time with the work we have put into it. Nazism and our history of martyrdom abroad do not concern our presence in Israel directly. In hindsight, it is easy to say that the millions of Jews who were murdered in the Holocaust could have been saved if Palestine had been available for unlimited immigration. The history of this period is not so simple, however.

First, keep in mind that other realistic resettlement plans were proposed but actively opposed by the Zionist movement. Second, the great majority of Jews in Europe were not Zionists and did not try to emigrate to Palestine before Third, after the start of the war, as the Nazis occupied various countries, they refused to let the Jews leave, making emigration virtually impossible. And Palestine, as we have shown, was already occupied; the indigenous Arabs had more valid reasons than any other country for wanting to limit Jewish immigration.

Read on:. The Bund wished Polish Jews to fight anti-semitism in Poland by remaining there The Zionist goal was also opposed, as a matter of principle, by all the major parties and movements among pre Polish Jewry Zionist strength was weaker still. It had not, after all, persuaded the majority of Jews to leave Europe for Palestine while it was still possible to do so. The doors In the summer of , in the spring of , and again in the fall of the danger seemed imminent.

The yishuv panicked Many people tried to find a way out of the country, but it was not easy Jewish villages were built in the place of Arab villages There is not a single community in the country that did not have a former Arab population.

Many of these survivors wanted to emigrate to the United States, a wish that undermined the Zionist claims that the fate of European Jewry was connected to that of the Jewish community in Palestine. Each nation should open its doors for some thousands of refugees So he suggested that during my trips for him to England during the war I sound out in a general, unofficial manner the leaders of British public opinion, in and out of the government The simple answer: Great Britain will match the United States, man for man, in admissions from Europe It seemed all settled.

With the rest of the world probably ready to give haven to ,, there was a sound reason for the President to press Congress to take in at least , immigrants after the war But it did not work out The failure of the leading Jewish organizations to support with zeal this immigration programme may have caused the President not to push forward with it at that time I suggested the plan I was amazed and even felt insulted when active Jewish leaders decried, sneered, and then attacked me as if I were a traitor I think I know the reason for much of the opposition.

There is a deep, genuine, often fanatical emotional vested interest in putting over the Palestinian movement [Zionism]. Men like Ben Hecht are little concerned about human blood if it is not their own. Personally, I have never found this view of the eternally-hating gentile to have any resemblance with reality. It seems a myth, pure and simple, and an ugly one at that.

Perhaps, but at what cost? It strips the faith and history of Jew and gentile alike of all but their months of antagonism. If this is Palestine and not the Land of Israel, then you are conquerors and not tillers of the land. You are invaders. If this is Palestine, then it belongs to a people who have lived here before you came. If it is not your country, your fatherland, the country of your ancestors and of your sons, then what are you doing here? If I was an Arab leader, I would never make terms with Israel.

That is natural: we have taken their country. Sure, God promised it to us, but what does that matter to them? There has been anti-Semitism, the Nazis, Hitler, Auschwitz, but was that their fault? They only see one thing: we came here and stole their country. Why should they accept that? We are the generation of colonizers, and without the steel helmet and the gun barrel we cannot plant a tree and build a home. One day they may have to leave and let us have the country.

Israel claimed self-defense for its invasion, but the lack of PLO attacks into Israel during the previous year made that claim dubious The methods used in nearly all interrogations are prolonged sleep deprivation; prolonged sight deprivation using blindfolds or tight-fitting hoods; forced, prolonged maintenance of body positions that grow increasingly painful; and verbal threats and insults. Sixteen of the nineteen detainees we interviewed [detained between and ] reported having been assaulted in the interrogation room.

Beatings and kicks were directed at the throat, testicles, and stomach. Some were repeatedly choked; some had their heads slammed against the walls Thus, a detainee in the custody of the General Security Service GSS may spend weeks during which, except for brief respites, he shuttles from a tiny chair to which he is painfully shackled; to a stifling, tiny cubicle in which he can barely move; to questioning sessions in which he is beaten or violently manhandled; and then back to the chair.

They have also included prisoners of conscience such as people arrested solely for raising a flag. Some eighty-five percent of them — at least persons a year — are tortured during interrogation Committee Against Torture,.. The trouble with Zionism starts when it lands, so to speak, in Palestine. What has to be justified is the injustice to the Palestinians caused by Zionism, the dispossession and victimization of a whole people.

There is clearly a wrong here, a wrong which creates the need for justification Zionism does not advocate an overhauling of the total world situation in the same way. It does not advocate the restoration of the Roman empire The Palestinians, who have felt the enormous power of this vengeance, were not the historical oppressors of the Jews. They did not put Jews into ghettos and force them to wear yellow stars.

They did not plan holocausts. But they had one fault. They were weak and defenseless in the face of real military might, so they were the ideal victims for an abstract revenge The need to justify Zionism, and the lack of other defenses, has made it part of the Israeli world view In Israel, one common outcome is cynicism, for which Israelis have become famous It is the curse of the original sin against the native Arabs.

How can Israel be discussed without recalling the dispossession and exclusion of non-Jews? This is the most basic fact about Israel, and no understanding of Israeli reality is possible without it. The original sin haunts and torments Israelis; it marks everything and taints everybody. Its memory poisons the blood and marks every moment of existence. It was not historical inasmuch as it voided the two millennia of non-Jewish settlement in Palestine and the two millennia of Jewish settlement outside it.

In a word, the Zionist case for a Jewish state is as valid as the anti-Semitic case for an ethnic state that marginalizes Jews. The massive expropriation of lands and other properties from those Arabs who fled the country as a result of the War of Independence and of those who remained but were declared absent, as well as the confiscation of large tracts of land from Arab villages who did not flee, and the laws passed to legalize those acts — all this would have necessarily been declared unconstitutional, null and void, by the Supreme Court, being expressly discriminatory against one part of the citizenry, whereas a democratic constitution obliges the state to treat all of its citizens equally.

The significance here is most striking when the broad support, both direct and indirect, for Gush Emunim is considered. From their perspective the land is being redeemed by being transferred from the satanic to the divine sphere To further this process, the use of force is permitted whenever necessary Halacha permits Jews to rob non-Jews in those locales wherein Jews are stronger than non-Jews. It has succumbed to Israeli pressure on everything, abandoning the principle of land for peace no U.

Their annual income is less than half of what it was in ; they are unable to travel from place to place; more of their land has been taken than ever before; more settlements exist; and Jerusalem is practically lost To speak about peace in such a context is to try to reconcile the irreconcilable. The Israelis, regardless of which government was in power, quibbled over wording, demanded revisions of what had previously been agreed to, then refused to abide by the new agreements. Meanwhile successive governments were demolishing Palestinian homes, taking over Arab neighborhoods in East Jerusalem for Jewish housing, and seizing Palestinian land for new settlements.

A massive new highway network built after on confiscated Palestinian land isolates Palestinian towns and villages from one another and from Jerusalem, forcing many Palestinians to go through Israeli checkpoints just to get to the next town In fact Arafat could not accept it.

This was a deal no Arab would accept. Israeli tanks surrounded Palestinian towns with their guns turned toward the town. Israeli police who were quick to use bullets against Palestinian stone throwers failed to restrain the Israelis and instead fired at Arabs trying to defend their homes. Two Arabs were killed. On September 6, a group of Israeli border police stopped three Palestinian workers as they were returning home from Israel and, for no reason at all, subjected them to 40 minutes of torture.

The San Francisco Chronicle reported on September 19 that the policemen punched the three men, slammed their heads against a stone wall, forced them to swallow their own blood, and cursed their mothers and sisters. The incident only came to light because the policemen took photographs of themselves with their victims, holding their heads by the hair like hunting trophies. Israeli human rights workers said such beatings are a common occurance, but they are seldom reported.

For that purpose, all the apparatus for security coordination was created, more and more Palestinian jails were built, and demonstrators were barred from approaching the [Jewish] settlements.

The Palestinian leadership agreed again and again to extend its trial period From their perspective, Israel was also put to a test: Was Israel really giving up its attitude of superiority and domination, built up in order to keep the Palestinian people under its control? This control is what has enabled Israel to double the number of settlers in 10 years.. The bloodbath that has been going on for three weeks is the natural outcome of seven years of [Israeli] lying and deception.

But similar constraints concerning the status of the West Bank and Gaza have not been honored, and have led to continuing confrontation and violence But later, under Likud pressure, he declined to honor this commitment Nor, in the first half of October, was there much media analysis of the fact that the violence overwhelmingly struck at the Palestinian people.

American news stories highlighted the specious ultimatums issued by Prime Minister Ehud Barak as he demanded that Palestinians end the violence — while uniformed Israelis under his authority continue to kill them Tax dollars. Meanwhile, as journalists go along to get along, they diminish the humanity of us all. The desire for liberation will, eventually, always bring an occupied people out into the streets, stones in hand, ready to face the might of powerful armies, preferring to risk death than live in bondage.

This is not extreme nation. It is the need to be free It means being surrounded by an abusive foreign army that enforces a social system indistinguishable from apartheid; confiscations of land that is then given to hundreds of thousands of Israeli settlers in Jewish-only communities linked by roads that non-Jewish residents of the West Bank whose land was confiscated for these roads are prohibited from using; home demolitions; torture; cities cut off from each other, closed down on a regular basis.

It means living in a massive prison The plan is articulated in U. Part one holds that Israel must withdraw from the territories occupied in Part two calls for all states in the region to live in peace and security in those borders. The Israeli obligation, withdrawal from the occupied territories, is utterly unfulfilled.

Israeli American-made Apache gunships are firing Lau and other missiles at Palestinian protestors and homes and not the other way around. It is Israel that is confiscating Palestinian land and importing Jewish settlers to set up illegal armed settlements in the heart of Palestinian territory and not the other way around.

The settlers on the rampage in the West Bank and Israelis terrorizing Palestinians in their own homes and not the other way around But even worse, in the map submitted to the Palestinians, these percentage points cut the country up from East to West and from North to South, so that the Palestinian state will consist of groups of islands, each surrounded by Israeli settlers and soldiers.

In this fight, we are Goliath and they are David. In the eyes of the world [outside the US], the Palestinians are fighting a war of liberation against a foreign occupation.

We are in their territory, not they on ours. We are the occupiers, they are the victims. This is the objective situation, and no minister of propaganda can change that. It was the day after the signing of the Oslo Accords, when you invited me to dance with you in Menorah Square Permit me to quote for you a few passages from that old letter. Not just plain peace, but a blend of peace,security, Palestinian chest-beating over sins committed renunciation of terrorism , and far-reaching concessions by the other side.

A peace that you can be proud of. You are happy about this peace, and in its honor you invite me to dance with you. No thank you Could peace possibly be bought more cheaply?

The repeated and varied violations of the agreements did not move you, not to speak of any change in our culture of war and occupation, the arrogant tone of those negotiating in our name and their attempts to demand more and more in exchange for less and less A conquering army is using tanks and helicopter gunships to disperse demonstrations. What is so hard to understand here? Two Palestinians were injured in clashes that erupted during two search-and-arrest operations in Ad Duheisha refugee camp Bethlehem and Abu Shukheidim village Ramallah.

Three Palestinians, including an elderly man and a child, were physically assaulted by Israeli forces in Huwwara Nablus and An Nuwei'ma Jericho.

Find books coming soon in Sign in. The Biggest Books of March. The ReadDown. As he returns home for the first time since the Israeli occupation, Barghouti crosses a wooden bridge over the Jordan River into Ramallah and is unable to recognize the city of his youth. Add to cart. View Table of Contents. Due to uncertainty surrounding post-Brexit trade agreements deliveries to the EU may take longer to arrive and be subject to local import charges, for which the customer is liable.

We encourage you to consider an eBook alternative or to go to your local bookshop for the print copy. Read the current information here. It is well written and well structured, and it hosts several tables and figures, which are quite useful for the reader. It is easily among the top three or four best and most important of its type--but I would hasten to add that it is quite distinct….

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